Win Hex

HEX EDIT TUTORIAL

Editors you will need for this project Jamella , Winhex and ericjwins Single charm maker (not the 6 skills ver).
Firstly you need to get a hex editor there are many good editors available but for the purpose of this tutorial
we will use WinHex available trough most search engines. Win Hex is free another good thing about it.
Winhex ver 10.3 can be downloaded from this site http://www.sf-soft.de/winhex/index-m.html
Win hex comes with its own set-up program

HEX CODES
What is Hex Well hex is a 16 based number system we normally count in Decimal a 10 based system 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
Well hex is similar except with letters 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,a,b,c,d,e,f,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,1a,1b,1c,1d,1e,1f,20

So in comparing decimal and hex we see 10 in decimal = a in hex, 11=b, 12=c and ff=255
Easy so far..

QUESTION ONE
What does hex value 17 = in decimal
What is the hex value for decimal 36

FIRST PROJECT
The first Project we will try is altering the skills on a charge charm. You will need to make a charm with ericjwins charm maker Single charm version
Make a charm with skill charge 6 magic arrow and open in Jamella
Next you need to open winhex and locate the charm you have made Open in Win Hex..
You will now see 3 columns and 2 rows in the far left column are the addresses this tell the program where things are located they start at offset 0 and goto offset 28.
you can see the offset number at the bottom of the editor as you click on a particular address it will also show you the decimal value of that address

Go to offset 24 it should say 03 this is the hex value and = magic arrow
Change the value to 04 save file what happens to check load in Jamella you will see it has changed to inner sight
There is a huge range of skills available all can be made by the charm maker but this is a brief intro into a process we will use in a later project to find addresses.

Bits, Bytes, nibbles, characters. A quick review....
A byte is the standard unit of measurement of computer memory. e.g. most folks have at least 64 megabytes of random access memory (RAM). thats 64 million bytes.
One byte is roughly equivalent to one character, e.g. the word "character" has 9 characters and would take 9 bytes of memory to store.
A byte consists of 8 bits. A bit is a binary digit and can contain only the values 1 or 0. two bits can contain any number from 0 to 3.... and so on.
So 8 bits can store up to 2 multiplied by itself 8 times (minus 1). 2 to the 8th power is 256,
so 8 bits can store any number from 0 to 255, 9 bits can store any number from 0 to 511.
A nibble is half a byte, 4 bits, or one HEX digit.

Converting Hex to decimal
Multiply the first hex digit by 16 and add the second. e.g. 2C = 2*16 + 12 = 44, 5F = 5*16 + 15 = 95, 1B = 1*16 + 11 = 27

Diablo II makes extensive use of bit fields. Bit fields can be any length and are padded with zeroes to complete an exact number of bytes.
for example Skills charms. 4 fields are required: Skill number, Level, charges, out of charges. The skill number has a value from 0 to 511,
the level has a value from 0 to 31, the charges both have values 0 to 255.
So, the skill number is a 9 bit field, the level is a 5 bit field and the charges are both 8 bit fields (or whole bytes). So the Skill charm settings is a total of 30 bits, the value is padded with 2 zeroes to make a total of 32 bits or exactly 4 bytes.

Well, if you can change values in specific locations and create charms from scratch, you're pretty much past the tutorial stage.

How about setting your level in hex?
First you need to find it, cause the address is variable. Convert your level to hex, open your d2s file and find the location.
Don't forget hex values are entered in reverse. e.g. if your level is 99,999 the hex is 01 86 9F, so you have to search for 9F 86 01.

Want a tough one? Try to change a skill on a charge charm. These are bit fields, so MUCH harder to find. Hint, make two identical charms except for one value.
P.S. You may find the D2DataDump.zip program usefull for this one.
Dumps all Character files and/or all Item files to .csv files
Creates one .csv file for each Character file, and gives Decimal location and value in Hex, Decimal, and ASCII
Creates one .csv file for all Item files, and gives the bit values for each location.

Damage Reduce % -- Hex tutorial -- bit fields
Create a new charm by typing the following
4A4D 1000 8000 6400 2A32 D616 0302 07F5 80A8 C000 24FE FFFF
This gives you dmg red 255%... Why???
Where is the code for FF (255)...

This is an example of an 8 bit field spread accross two bytes.
If you recall, hex codes... and numbers are written backwards.
So... the 255 is embedded in bytes 21 & 22 FE FF
The first (high order) bit is the LAST bit of FF (byte 22)
the other 7 bits are the FIRST 7 bits of FE (byte 21)
FE FF is 11111110 11111111 in binary

Lets say you want DR of 56%
56 is 0x38 which is 00111000 in binary
So the high order bit is (the one on the left) 0
So we need to change 11111111 to 11111110
In other words the FF we change to FE
The other 7 bits 0111000 go at the beginning of byte 21
so byte 21 (FE) becomes 0111000(0) we MUST pick up the existing 0 at the end.
and 01110000 is 70 hex
so for 56% DR we need to replace the 24FE FFFF with 2470 FEFF


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		Ok..This is all About Win Hex!



		HEX EDIT TUTORIAL Editors you will need for this project Jamella , Winhex and ericjwins Single charm maker (not the 6 skills ver). Firstly you need to get a hex editor there are many good editors available but for the purpose of this tutorial we will use WinHex available trough most search engines. Win Hex is free another good thing about it. Winhex ver 10.3 can be downloaded from this site http://www.sf-soft.de/winhex/index-m.html Win hex comes with its own set-up program HEX CODES What is Hex Well hex is a 16 based number system we normally count in Decimal a 10 based system 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 Well hex is similar except with letters 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,a,b,c,d,e,f,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,1a,1b,1c,1d,1e,1f,20 So in comparing decimal and hex we see 10 in decimal = a in hex, 11=b, 12=c and ff=255 Easy so far.. QUESTION ONE What does hex value 17 = in decimal What is the hex value for decimal 36 FIRST PROJECT The first Project we will try is altering the skills on a charge charm. You will need to make a charm with ericjwins charm maker Single charm version Make a charm with skill charge 6 magic arrow and open in Jamella Next you need to open winhex and locate the charm you have made Open in Win Hex.. You will now see 3 columns and 2 rows in the far left column are the addresses this tell the program where things are located they start at offset 0 and goto offset 28. you can see the offset number at the bottom of the editor as you click on a particular address it will also show you the decimal value of that address Go to offset 24 it should say 03 this is the hex value and = magic arrow Change the value to 04 save file what happens to check load in Jamella you will see it has changed to inner sight There is a huge range of skills available all can be made by the charm maker but this is a brief intro into a process we will use in a later project to find addresses. Bits, Bytes, nibbles, characters. A quick review.... A byte is the standard unit of measurement of computer memory. e.g. most folks have at least 64 megabytes of random access memory (RAM). thats 64 million bytes. One byte is roughly equivalent to one character, e.g. the word "character" has 9 characters and would take 9 bytes of memory to store. A byte consists of 8 bits. A bit is a binary digit and can contain only the values 1 or 0. two bits can contain any number from 0 to 3.... and so on. So 8 bits can store up to 2 multiplied by itself 8 times (minus 1). 2 to the 8th power is 256, so 8 bits can store any number from 0 to 255, 9 bits can store any number from 0 to 511. A nibble is half a byte, 4 bits, or one HEX digit. Converting Hex to decimal Multiply the first hex digit by 16 and add the second. e.g. 2C = 216 + 12 = 44, 5F = 516 + 15 = 95, 1B = 116 + 11 = 27 Diablo II makes extensive use of bit fields. Bit fields can be any length and are padded with zeroes to complete an exact number of bytes. for example Skills charms. 4 fields are required: Skill number, Level, charges, out of charges. The skill number has a value from 0 to 511, the level has a value from 0 to 31, the charges both have values 0 to 255. So, the skill number is a 9 bit field, the level is a 5 bit field and the charges are both 8 bit fields (or whole bytes). So the Skill charm settings is a total of 30 bits, the value is padded with 2 zeroes to make a total of 32 bits or exactly 4 bytes. Well, if you can change values in specific locations and create charms from scratch, you're pretty much past the tutorial stage. How about setting your level in hex? First you need to find it, cause the address is variable. Convert your level to hex, open your d2s file and find the location. Don't forget hex values are entered in reverse. e.g. if your level is 99,999 the hex is 01 86 9F, so you have to search for 9F 86 01. Want a tough one? Try to change a skill on a charge charm. These are bit fields, so MUCH harder to find. Hint, make two identical charms except for one value. P.S. You may find the D2DataDump.zip program usefull for this one. Dumps all Character files and/or all Item files to .csv files Creates one .csv file for each Character file, and gives Decimal location and value in Hex, Decimal, and ASCII Creates one .csv file for all Item files, and gives the bit values for each location. Damage Reduce % -- Hex tutorial -- bit fields* Create a new charm by typing the following 4A4D 1000 8000 6400 2A32 D616 0302 07F5 80A8 C000 24FE FFFF This gives you dmg red 255%... Why??? Where is the code for FF (255)... This is an example of an 8 bit field spread accross two bytes. If you recall, hex codes... and numbers are written backwards. So... the 255 is embedded in bytes 21 & 22 FE FF The first (high order) bit is the LAST bit of FF (byte 22) the other 7 bits are the FIRST 7 bits of FE (byte 21) FE FF is 11111110 11111111 in binary Lets say you want DR of 56% 56 is 0x38 which is 00111000 in binary So the high order bit is (the one on the left) 0 So we need to change 11111111 to 11111110 In other words the FF we change to FE The other 7 bits 0111000 go at the beginning of byte 21 so byte 21 (FE) becomes 0111000(0) we MUST pick up the existing 0 at the end. and 01110000 is 70 hex so for 56% DR we need to replace the 24FE FFFF with 2470 FEFF